The chain code was replaced by the shape signature and used to express the contour, improve the speed and decrease the effect of noise and transformation due to camera calibration.

在特征表示方面，用形状签名代替链码来描述轮廓，从而提高了计算速度，降低了由噪声干扰和镜头形变造成的影响。

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Already this year, HMV, the U.K.'s last music chain, camera retailer Jessops and the U.K. arm of DVD rental firm Blockbuster have entered administration, a form of bankruptcy, while electrical business Comet and sports store JJB Sports closed their doors toward the end of last year.

WSJ: Shopping Centers Take a New Spin on Leisure

Music chain HMV and camera-seller Jessops both went into administration earlier this month.

BBC: Blockbuster goes into administration

Blockbuster's administration came after music chain HMV and camera-seller Jessops both went into administration earlier this month.

BBC: Blockbuster closes 23 Scots stores