First, most Chinese university dorms don't have any central heating systems or air-conditioning units.

首先，大多数中国大学宿舍没有任何中央暖气系统或空调设施。

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The heat transfer between residential units is a difficult technical problem in heat metering of central heating systems.

户间传热是集中供暖热计量中的一个技术难题。

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Chinese northern cities commonly adopt the central heating in winter. However, since the heating systems are not equipped with automatic control devices, the efficiency of heating systems is low.

在冬季，北方普遍采取集中供暖的方式，但由于缺少自动控制系统，供热效率较低。

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We are wasting millions, contributing more to global warming than industry, letting pensioners get cold despite free central heating systems they can't afford to switch on, and letting kids get asthma in damp cold bedrooms and overheated classrooms.

BBC: The ?1,000-a-year heating bill is here.

Heating and cooling experts say central air-conditioning systems should be serviced annually to remove dirt, change filters and check the level of Freon, a refrigerant.

WSJ: Don't Wait to Service AC Units