The results were as follows: 1. When endocardial cells transformed into endocardiac cushion cells, they lost laminin and fibronectin in their basal surfaces;

结果显示：心内膜垫形成之前，心内膜细胞基底面呈层粘连蛋白和纤维粘连蛋白阳性；

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The received in the implanted chip, the digital information is transformed into electrical impulses sent into the ganglion cells.

植入芯片接收到数字信号后，将其转化为电气脉冲，并发给神经节细胞。

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In the lab, the scientists forced young skin cells from both mice and humans to make these proteins, which then transformed the skin cells into what looks and ACTS like natural brown fat.

科学家们致力于在实验室内通过小鼠和人类的年轻的皮肤细胞来制得这些蛋白质，而这些蛋白质则使皮肤细胞转换成无论是形状还是功能都像天然灰色脂肪的细胞。

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But they have now discovered that by adding thiazovivin, a small molecule involved in cell survival, they doubled that to get 200 times the number of transformed cells.

BBC: 'Ethical' stem cell crop boosted

The genetic approach to reprogramming, pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine for his work, allows human cells to be transformed back into an embryonic-like, pluripotent state.

FORBES: Scientist Shows How Small Molecules Generate Better Stem Cells

When transplanted into Hannah, the stem cells automatically picked up the body's signals and got transformed into epithelial cells, the kind found in any trachea.

WSJ: Scientists Implant Lab-Made Trachea Into Toddler