In 1738, Daniel, trying to solve a problem in probability theory and the theory of gambling by use of the calculus, stumbled on the concept of the law of diminishing marginal utility of money.
在1738年，丹尼尔试图用微积分来解决一个概率论和赌博理论里的问题，无意间却发现了货币的边际效用递减法则的概念。
Assuming only a basic knowledge of probability and calculus, it covers the material in a mathematically rigorous and complete way at a level accessible to second or third year undergraduate students.
假定只有一个基本知识的概率和演算，它涵盖材料，在理论上严格和彻底的方式在一定的水平进入第二或第三个年头本科生。
Large deviation theory provides a good method to calculus the probability of rare event, which will have great impact once it happens although its probability may be very small.
大偏差理论提供了一个很好的办法来计算小概率事件的概率，尽管这种事件发生的概率可能会很小，但是一旦发生将会产生巨大的影响。
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