The calculation models of the effective area, the rate of change of the effective area and the rate of change of the effective volume are established for the diaphragm air spring.

在膜式空气弹簧结构与计算模型的基础上，建立起膜式空气弹簧有效面积、有效面积的变化率及有效体积变化率的计算模型。

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A useful unit converter can help you make the daily calculation, including conversion of area, density, energy, force, length, mass, power, pressure, speed, temperature and volume.

一个有用的单位转换器可以帮助您日常计算，包括面积，密度，能源，力，长度，质量，功率，压力，速度，温度和体积的转换。

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The analysis and calculation of runoff characteristics and diversion volume into the project area were made.

分析计算了径流特征值及下游雄县试区可引用的回灌水量。

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At primary school, it says there should be more emphasis on arithmetic and that some topics, such as the calculation of fractions, volume and area should be covered earlier.

BBC: Maths skills add up to higher earnings, study finds