SAML is one of many attempts to reduce the cost of building and operating information systems that interoperate between many service providers.

SAML 是旨在减少构建和操作信息系统（这些系统在许多服务提供者之间相互操作）所花费成本的众多尝试之一。

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When building a service path, two pieces of information is needed: path cost information among services, and the service availability information in the proxy overlay network.

建立服务路径时，需要两部分信息：服务中的路径代价信息和代理覆盖网中的服务可用性信息。

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For example, at present, lower trust level and expensive cost to obtain information cause comparatively serious averse selection in the trust building process in advance.

例如中国目前的低信任水平和信息获取的高成本造成了信任过程中较为严重的事前逆向选择。

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In a marketplace that has become exponentially competitive, in which there has been an erosion of key American values, and in which keeping up with the ongoing revolution in information technology is a mere cost of entry, building brands is, well, to put it mildly, a challenge.

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This work -- building human capacity in countries in turmoil and expanding systems for information sharing -- is the single most cost-effective approach to atrocity prevention when the true objective is sustainable peace.

CNN: Stop atrocities before they start