The dissertation consists of four subsection: the first subsection summarizes the background of study of Problem Solving.

本文共分四部分：第一部分概述问题解决研究的背景。

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Chapter one is a brief introduction on background of study, research meaning, structure and relevant concepts of this article.

第一章，对本文的研究背景、研究意义、结构及有关概念作以简要介绍。

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This chapter consists of the background of study, problem statement, research questions, research objectives, hypotheses and significance of study.

本章包括研究背景、问题陈述、研究问题、研究目的、研究假设和研究意义。

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Before getting into some of the specific aspects of the study, some relevant background information provided by study co-author Lawrence Sanders, PhD, professor of management science and systems in the UB School of Management.

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Most of the men and women in the study came from a similar background, meaning the results may not apply to everyone.

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