The second group looked at states that did not share a border with Maryland, in order to avoid bias from people buying liquor in nearby states where the taxes were lower.

第二组研究了与马里兰州不接壤的州，以避免因人们从附近税收较低的州购买酒类而产生的偏倚。

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The gold standard for testing medical treatments is the randomized trial, in which patients are randomly assigned to a treatment or control group to spread patient differences evenly and avoid bias in results.

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So how to avoid bias?

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First, we avoid selection bias by randomizing whether and to whom influence-mediating messages are sent.

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