Autonomy is a new area in language teaching research, which emphasizes the development of the learner's ability to take initiative in language learning.

自主性是语言教学中一个新的研究领域，它强调语言学习者积极主动学习的能力。

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The concept of literature autonomy is often used in the learning circle.

“文学自主性”是学界经常使用的一个概念或术语。

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And based on the hypothesis, Teaching Strategies for Students' Development of Autonomy in Learning Questionnaire is proposed.

基于这些假设，我们编制了“学习自主性取向的教学策略量表”。

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They facilitate other's strategic actions, too, by providing a balance of direction and autonomy, of learning from actions and rewarding appropriate risk-taking.

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