The general theories behind echelle and its applications in astronomy are briefed, and the differences between echelle spectrograph and plane grating spectrograph are analyzed and compared.

简述阶梯光栅的基本原理和在天文学中的应用，分析并比较了阶梯光栅光谱仪与普通平面闪耀光栅光谱仪的区别。

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For undergraduate courses have a "heat", "university physics", "general astronomy", guide the students papers 30;

为本科生主讲课程有《热学》、《大学物理学》、《普通天文学》，指导本科生论文30篇；

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What is the main question which still remains unanswered and which you would like to hear an answer to in astronomy in general or in your field of research in particular?

对于天文学或您自己的研究领域，仍然未知的最主要的问题和您最想知道答案的问题是什么？

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The place is now a museum dedicated to his life and to astronomy in general.

BBC: Uranus image celebrates Herschel - the man and the machine

Mr. MICHAEL ROWAN-ROBINSON (Astronomer): It would be disastrous for astronomy if we come away from the general assembly with nothing.

NPR: Pluto, the Un-Planet?