Other elements of the system, such as application presentation logic, were only expected to be clients.

系统的其他要素(如应用程序表示逻辑)只能成为客户机。

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The reason those elements are saved here is to avoid tying the application code to the GUI interface, so the application can be easily ported to a different GUI system.

之所以将那些元素保存与此，是为了避免将应用程序的代码放在GUI界面程序中，从而我们可以很容易地把应用程序迁移到不同的GUI系统中。

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When undertaking packaged application development or enterprise application integration, much of the architect's work is done, since you don't need to create large elements of the system.

当采用打包应用软件开发或者企业系统集成时，构架师的大部分工作已经完成，因为您不需要创建系统中较大的元素。

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Cloud may be a workable approach, however, if only one of these elements (hardware, operating system, or application layer) are based on custom technology.

FORBES: Cloud Computing: Nine Questions to Ask Before Casting Your Servers Aside

Some of the most serious challenges facing health care today--medical errors, inconsistent quality and rising costs--can be addressed through the effective application of available health information technology linking all elements of the health care system.

FORBES: Sen. Michael B. Enzi, R-Wyo