This paper proposes a mathematical method of application layer traffic of the whole network based on the effective bandwidths, and provides the experimental data to verify its correctness.

提出了基于有效带宽建立整个网络业务层流量的数学方法，并给出仿真实验数据进行验证。

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The identification method based on P2P traffic transport layer behavior has good scalability, because it is independent of the signature strings of P2P application.

基于传输层行为的P2P流量识别方法不依赖P2P应用的特征字段，具有良好的可扩展性。

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Application-layer traffic identification and control is the precondition of network billing and management.

应用层流量识别及控制是网络计费和网络管理的前提。

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Software-defined networks will provide some of this flexibility by separating the control function from data forwarding, but there are additional capabilities emerging, he says, such as intelligent switching of wavelengths, the ability to mix dedicated bandwidth with best-efforts networks, and application layer network traffic optimization, e.g.

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