...认 知操作都很清楚的问题 定义不良的问题：初始状态、目标状态以及认 知操作含糊不清的问题 对抗性问题(adversary Problem)：在解决对 抗性问题时，人们不仅要考虑自己的解题活动， 而且还要受对手解题活动的影响。
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根据在问题解决时，问题解决者是否有对手，可分为对抗性问题(adversary problem)与非对抗性问题(non-adversary problem)。
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non-adversary problem 非对抗性问题
adversary problem
对手的问题
以上为机器翻译结果，长、整句建议使用 人工翻译 。
The MHD problem was presented in the form of an adversary game that make more participants represent and solve problem correctly.
以对手情景的形式来呈现MHD 问题，促进了人们对三门 问题概率关系的正确理解。
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They may stop treating you as an adversary and become your partner in problem solving your way to a deal.
FORBES: Good Negotiators Don't Split Babies
While all eyes are focused on China, we have a growing problem with our old Cold War adversary, Russia.
FORBES: Fact and Comment
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