NOTE 1 Goods and services includes the [value chain/lifecycle] of the activity, product or service, which includes, for example, transport, packaging and end-use/disposal.

注1 材料和服务包括活动， 产品或服务，例如运输， 包装和最终使用/处理的【价值链/生命周期】。

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Then, the thesis introduces the organic combination of the value chain accounting and activity-based costing, and the application of activity-based costing in value chain accounting.

然后介绍了价值链会计与作业成本法的有机结合，以及价值链会计中作业成本法的运用。

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The value chain of hospitals includes the basic value activity and the support value activity.

医院价值链包括基本价值活动和支持价值活动。

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If each and every activity of the value chain is gradually farmed out, what binds labor with management and stockholders?

FORBES: The Unintended Consequences of Outsourcing