According to my understanding, it includes plagiarism, fabrication, deception, cheating, sabotage and academic fraud.

根据我的理解，它包括抄袭，伪造，欺骗，作弊，破坏以及学术诈欺。

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While the verdict was lauded in official Chinese media as a victory over academic fraud, the defendants saw it differently.

中国官方媒体称赞该判决为学术打假的一次胜利，但被告方有不同的看法。

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A 2009 survey by the China Association for Science and Technology reported that half of the 30,078 respondents knew at least one colleague who had committed academic fraud.

中国科学技术协会2009年所作的一项调查显示，全部30,078名受访者中有半数都知道至少有一位同事曾有过学术欺诈行为。

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But I doubt he ever expected his own alma mater would be at the heart of a major NCAA investigation concerning improper benefits and academic fraud within the Tar Heel football program.

FORBES: NCAA Investigation Of UNC Reveals Much About Business Of College Football

Such lapses of integrity are not unique to China, but poor peer-review mechanisms, misguided incentives and a lack of checks on academic behaviour all allow fraud to be more common.

ECONOMIST: Academic fraud in China

Swartz, who committed suicide in January at age 26, was accused of federal computer and wire fraud crimes for downloading academic journals from J-STOR.

FORBES: Aaron Swartz Remembered As Technology Activist At SXSW