Calculus）中的各认知属性难度；Carpenter，Just和Shell's(1990)[2]对抽象推理测验（abstract reasoning test，ART）中项目难度的影响因素进行考察，发现影响ART项目难度有三个因素：图形数量的变化、图形方向的变化及图形
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The test has scores for verbal skills, mathematical skills, and abstract reasoning skills.
该项测试对文字表达技能、数学技能和抽象推理技能进行记分。
Even three months after the test, researchers found, the kids who played the computer games were doing better on tests of abstract reasoning and problem solving.
测试后三个月，研究人员发现，玩电子游戏的孩子在进行推理和问题解决的测试时表现得更好。
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