Then, a computer system would often run one simple sequential program at a time, and nothing could interrupt it or vie with it.

那时， 计算机系统通常在同一时刻只能运行一个单独的程序，什么都不能打断它或者与它竞争。

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Such restrictions are typically placed on sections of the application such as an interrupt handler, where the code responding to the interrupt must complete its work in a given time period.

此类限制通常是对应用程序的某些部分实施的，比如中断处理程序，其响应中断的代码必须在给定的时间范围内完成工作。

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While it is running, it records the address of the instruction that is being executed every time a system-clock interrupt occurs.

当它运行时，它会记录每次系统时钟中断发生时正在执行的指令的地址。

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During the 80s, I remember learning that IBM held the original patents for stuff like DMA and interrupt controllers, 1 which surprised me because by that time those things were like oxygen: just a standard part of every computer in the world.

FORBES: The Problem With Patents