The effect of soft coatings on the elastic moduli of composite materials is studied, in which the coating is modeled by a linear spring type imperfect interface.

采用线弹簧型弱界面模型来模拟柔性涂层，研究柔性涂层对复合材料宏观弹性模量的影响。

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To consider the effect of bonding characteristics of the adhesives between the piezoelectric layer and the functionally graded ones, a linear spring layer model is adopted.

为了考虑中间压电层与上、下功能梯度层之间的粘结效果，采用线性弹簧模型以模拟界面性能。

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So we generate a torque which is proportional to the Angle, very similar to the linear spring whereby we generate a force which is proportional to the linear displacement.

所以产生一个力矩，和这个角成比例，就像线性弹簧，中产生的力矩和，线位移成比例。

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The force may taper off, the force may not be given by a straight line, but for modest deformations, every spring will have a linear regime in which the force is linearly proportional to the stretching.

它产生的力可能会渐渐消失,力的曲线可能不是一条直线,而有轻微的弯曲,每个弹簧都有一个线性区间,在这一区间内,力和伸长量是线性关系

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