应用中人们一般利用两种统计准则: 赤池最小最终预测误差准则(Akaike Minimum final production crierion)FPE, ; 施瓦茨贝叶斯准则SBC, 。 其中n是样本容量，k是解释变量个数(包括常数项)，是残差方差的最大似然估计，即 。
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结合矢量观测的特点，基于最小模型误差准则给出了一种确定卫星姿态的实时估计算法，称为预测滤波算法。
Considering the character of vector observation, a real time predictive filter based on minimum model error (MME) criterion is presented for satellite attitude estimation.
引入基于模型误差最小准则的预测滤波算法，实现对未知扰动的实时辨识与估计，克服模型误差影响。
Predictive filtering based on minimum model error is introduced to realize real time identification of unknown perturbations and conquer influence of model error.
多波束测深系统中经常使用幅度法或相位法来进行海底检测，并且按某种准则来选择，但如果选择错误，可能会带来不可预测的误差。
Amplitude based methods or phase based methods are usually used in multi-beam bathymetry system and chosen according to some rule, which may bring about unpredictable errors if wrong choose occurs.
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