细胞对外界信号可能会发生不同的反应，但这些反应都源自，配体和受体结合这个简单的化学过程。

There's a diverse range of responses that might occur, but that response is initiated by this simple chemical process of a ligand binding to a receptor.

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突变受体功能下降或丧失是由于与配体结合改变或在膜上表达缺陷。

The mutant TSHRs show reduced or no function because of either altered ligand binding or defect in membrane expression.

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目的确定人成纤维细胞生长因子受体1 (FGFR1)的配体精细结合位点。

Objective to determine fine binding site of ligand to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1).

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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.

当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选