其概念是非常简单的：通过使用整个软件栈(操作系统、应用、配置数据等等)的虚拟映像来避免安装与配置上的冲突。

The concept is simple: avoid all installation and configuration hassles by using a virtual image of an entire software stack: operating system, application (s), configuration data, etc.

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本机安装通过使用操作系统提供的本机软件安装工具安装。

The native installation USES the native software installation utility provided by the operating system.

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软件架构通过不同的视图进行表示——功能、操作、决策等等。

Software architectures are represented through different views-functional, operational, decisional, and so on.

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And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.

并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话，你的操作系统，比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统，通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑，才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件，操作系统才能根据数据，左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选