...定自己命运的选择 贝纳(Benner,1984)理论： 新手→专家(Novice-to-Expert) 新手(novice)- 实习生 进步的新手(advanced beginner)- 刚毕业-1年 能胜任的(competent)- 临床经验2-3年 熟练的(proficient) - 专科经验至少3-5年以上 专家(expert) 通向成功的六个步...
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我们测验了这些反馈的激励效果：积极的反馈增加了新手的情感认同而消极的反馈则增加了老手对于自己进步程度不够的认识。
We examine a motivational account for the shift in feedback: positive feedback increased novices' commitment and negative feedback increased experts' sense that they were making insufficient progress.
帮助一个跑步新手不仅能让你们共同见证和庆祝你的进步，更能让你动力大爆发。 。
Not only will helping a new runner allow you to see and celebrate your progress, but you'll also get a motivation boost.
最后，虽然隐喻在提高新手用户学习能力的方面是一个小的进步，但当新手用户成为中间用户之后，却要付出很大代价。
Finally, although a metaphor offers a small boost in learnability to first-time users, it exacts a tremendous cost after they become intermediates.
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