华北农民观念的近代演变，如同一面镜子，大致反映了当时社会经济生活的风貌。
The evolution of North China's peasants' idea in modern times, like a mirror, generally reflected the social and economic life at that time.
崛起于明初、鼎盛于清代、衰落于近代的陕西商帮，在明清时期陕西的社会、经济生活中占有显要的地位。
Rising in Ming Dynasty, flourishing in Qing Dynasty and declining in modern times, the Shaanxi Shangbang played a very important role in society and economy of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
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