软弱岩层指强度和弹模特别低的基岩,有的岩性尚坚硬,但由于风化影响或裂隙节理密集而成为软弱岩层,有的则由于岩性本身软弱而成。 软弱岩层中的矿物成分主要是高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石等黏土矿物,他们都属于层状或层一链状硅酸盐,有两种结构单元类型作为矿物结晶结构的基础:一种是硅氧四面体,另一种是硅氧八面体。随着X一射线衍射分析、热分析等方法的不断发展和完善,人们已经可以较准确地确定软弱岩层矿物成分的类型和含量。
由于软岩为强度低、孔隙度大、胶结程度差、含有大量膨胀性粘土矿物的松散、软弱岩层。
Because soft rocks have low strength and high porosity and contain large amount of expansive clay minerals, the freezing-thawing process of soft rock is complicated.
伪顶是在煤层与直接顶之间存在的极易垮落的软弱岩层,在井下采煤工作面回采时,会常常遇到。
The false top is the existence pole exchanges weak caving rock stratum between the coal seam and direct top. In the coal mining, it may often be happened.
在高速公路路基开挖软弱岩层边坡施工中,采用以压力分散型锚索为主、锚管桩和框架梁等联合支护方案。
In the construction of excavated soft rock slope of highway roadbed, applied united shoring method of pressure-diffusing-type anchorage cable, anchored pipe-pipe, frame foundation beam.
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