传到车轮的12.6%的能量，必需提供车辆加速(5.8%)、克服空气阻力(2.5%)和克服滚动阻力。

The 12.6% of original fuel energy that makes it to the wheels must provide acceleration (5.8 %) and overcome aerodynamic drag (2.6%) and rolling resistance.

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应用车轮扭矩传感器开发了轮胎滚动阻力测试系统。

Apply wheel torque sensor to develop the test system of tire rolling resistant force.

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钢轨必须为车轮提供连续、平顺和阻力最小的滚动表面，还应提供较好的粘着牵引力。

Rail must provide continuous, smooth, least resistance of rolling surfaces and good adhesion of traction to the train wheels.

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