第二部分则主要以第一部分论述的艺术功能论和惯例说的视角，结合现代小说功能演变的个案分析探讨艺术史和艺术研究方法问题。
Part two is mainly to combine modern novel case that function develops with research on the artistic history and research methods, in perspective of the function of art and convention studied above.
该小说蒙着一层悲剧色彩，表现了一种宿命论的历史哲学观，一个在现代主义小说中常见的主题——人的一切努力都是徒劳，社会的进步只是一个虚幻。
A tinge of a tragic historical philosophy of determinism, a theme common in modernist fiction, can be perceived: man's every effort is futile, and any progress in society is merely an illusion.
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