计算字符数量 (Counting Characters) 如果想要获得一个字符串中字符的数量，可以调用全局函数 count(_:) ，把字符串作为参数传进去： let unusualMenagerie = "Koala...
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但是有可能通过rainbow表去攻击密码的hash值：预先计算出来的数量庞大的hash值，涵盖所有可能的字符组合。
But it is possible to attack the hashed value of your password using rainbow tables: enormous, pre-computed hash values for every possible combination of characters.
对于本例来说，创建count函数来将整个文件读取到一个大字符串中，然后计算参数数量及新添参数数量。
For this example, you create a count function to read the entire file into one big string, and then count the total number of characters and the number of newline characters.
字节数计算机存储一定数量字符的内存的大小。微型机通常是8位，而大型机通常是16位。
The amount of computer memory needed to store one character of a specified size, usually8 bits for a microcomputer and16 bits for a larger computer.
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