在言语交际中，礼貌现象与文化、社会以及真诚关系密切，同时礼貌受语境的影响，具有其相对性。
Politeness phenomena is closely related to culture, society and sincerity and affected by language surroundings in cross-cultural communication with relativity.
修辞现象与词汇现象分属语言研究的“言语”和“语言”两个性质不同的层面，在一定条件下，临时的修辞现象可以转化为固定的词汇现象。
In the linguistics research, rhetoric phenomenon and words, fixed phrases belong to different areas, rhetoric phenomenon belongs to speech while words and phrases is part of language.
言语交际实质上是一个认知过程，但语言转述现象中与认知有关的方面一直是被忽视的。
Linguistic communication is primarily a cognitive event, but the study of the cognition-related aspects of language reports has long been neglected.
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