这些含有细菌的微小沉积层被称为生物膜，它们存在于大多数表面和物体上。

These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects.

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现在，美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(ucla)的研究人员及其同事已经发现，在生物膜形成的最初阶段，细菌实际上能够直立起来，并且能够“行走”，而直立“行走”是它们适应组织表面的一部分。

Now, UCLA researchers and their colleagues have found that during the initial stages of biofilm formation, bacteria can actually stand upright and "walk" as part of their adaptation to a surface.

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表面活性素和其他类似的分子可造成细菌泄漏钾，此时生物膜开始形成。

Biofilm formation begins when surfactin, and other similar molecules, cause bacteria to leak potassium.

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