...株一般在病毒学突破的患者中可检测到，但在持续病毒血症而无病毒学突破的患者中也可存在；(5) 表型耐药 (Phenotypic Resistance)：在体外HBV聚合酶对抗病毒治疗的敏感性下降；(6) 交叉耐药 (Cross Resistance)：由于同一个氨基酸替代或2个及以上氨基酸联合替代...
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耐药表型 Resistant phenotype ; Drug resistance phenotype ; Antibiotic-resistant phenotype
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本文就HIV-1表型耐药定义、检测方法、存在优缺点及其与基因型耐药检测结果一致性等进行综述。
Definition, testing, advantage and disadvantage of phenotypic resistance assay of HIV-1 and its concordance with genotypic resistance assay were summarized in this paper.
结核，即艾滋病流行的另一个主要因素，最近引起人们的极大重视，因为出现了一种极强的耐药表型，表明迫切需要加强结核控制。
Another key element in the epidemic - Tuberculosis - has recently drawn increased attention with the development of an extremely drug resistant form that signals the urgent need for TB control.
例如，在慢性乙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病病毒治疗期间发生艾滋病毒感染和耐药变异时CXCR 4向性病毒的出现可作为这种持续演变的表型证据。
Phenotypic evidence of this continuing evolution is seen, for example, in the emergence of CXCR4 tropic viruses during HIV infection and drug-resistant variants during chronic HBV and HIV therapy.
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