在Freud看来，自杀是一种主要来自个体无意识层的原发性内部冲突所致。对以前是爱恋着的，现在痛恨着的客体的强烈的、攻击性意向的内向投射(introjection)，使个体感到对自己愤怒和敌意，其结果就是抑郁，继而自杀。
他还斥责作者故意忽略不符合他们理论的国家，还误解了社会问题，例如离婚和自杀，这些问题在平等一些的国家更糟糕。
He also chides the authors for ignoring countries that do not fit their theory, and for glossing over social problems, such as divorce and suicide, that are worse in more equal countries.
长期以来的理论表明，从历史上看，已婚女性的自杀率低于未婚女性，这反映出“母亲”这一身份的“保护性效应”，而并非是婚姻本身。
A long-standing theory that historically lower suicide rates seen among married versus unmarried women reflects a "protective effect" of motherhood, rather than advantages of marriage perse.
长期以来的理论表明，从历史上看，已婚女性的自杀率低于未婚女性，这反映出“母亲”这一身份的“保护性效应”，而并非是婚姻本身。
A long-standing theory that historically lower suicide rates seen among married versus unmarried women reflects a "protective effect" of motherhood, rather than advantages of marriage per se.
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