RDA可用于采取自下而上或自上而下的方式开发数据模型，允许分析已有数据库和通过对已有数据资产的反向工程开发数据模型。

RDA can be used to develop data models in either a top-down or bottom up manner, allowing analysis of existing databases and development of data models by reverse engineering of existing data assets.

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通常，可以使用自上而下或自下而上的方法构建Web服务。

In general, Web services can be built using either a top-down or bottom-up approach.

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以往，英语听力课教学虽采用了很多方法，如“自下而上”或“自上而下”的方法，但效果并不理想。

Before, many teaching methods were used in English listening class, such as bottom-up or topdown, but the effect was not ideal.

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