我们被允许旁听一堂生动的演讲，是关于不经常工作的自上而下的管理系统是什么状态的研究。
We were allowed to listen in on a lively lecture on how top-down management systems don't often work.
近年来，该公司已经采取措施，改善公司被广泛描述为死板的、自上而下的管理系统。
In recent years the company has run initiatives to push back against what is widely described as a rigid, top-down management system.
GQM通常被认为是一个自上而下的方法，它建议执行管理层角色是我们的开始点。
GQM is often perceived as a top-down approach, which suggests the executive role is the place to start.
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