接触石棉也能引起其他疾病，如石棉肺(肺纤维化)、胸膜斑、胸膜增厚和胸腔积液。

Asbestos exposure is also responsible for other diseases, such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), pleural plaques, thickening and effusions.

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肝性胸水是指，没有潜在的肺或心脏疾病得肝硬化，发生严重的胸腔积液(通常大于500毫升)的患者。

Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as a significant pleural effusion (usually greater than 500 ml) in a cirrhotic patient, without an underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease.

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目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)诊治常见胸外科疾病的手术方法及效果。

Objective To study the techniques and effects of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in diagnosis and treatment of the common chest diseases.

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