肾和输尿管结石（renal&ureteral calculi）又称上尿路结石，主要症状是疼痛和血尿。其程度与结石部位、大小、活动与否及有无损伤、感染、梗阻等有关。
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肾盂积水伴有肾和输尿管结石梗阻 Hydronephrosis with renal and ureteral calculous obstruction
目的探讨孕妇输尿管结石并肾绞痛有效的诊断和治疗方法。
Objective To evaluate the effective methods of diagnosis and therapy of nephric colic in pregnancy women with ureteric calculi.
方法：对90例肾绞痛患者行输尿管插管治疗，同时行kub和逆行造影，发现结石者行eswl未发现结石输尿管通畅者拔除输尿管导管。
Methods: 90 renal colic patients received catheterization of ureter. They received KUB and retrograde pyelography at the same time. If calculus was found, They get ESWL immediately.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
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