鉴于两者之间的差异，Steward 等(2008)提出了一个新 的类别叫做替代的羞辱和歧视(vicarious stigma)，指感染者看到或听到其他的感染者受到的 羞辱和歧视，而自己没有实际经历。替代的羞辱和歧视可以增加自我羞辱和歧视。
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最近几天对我来说非常困难，特别是在我被羞辱、歧视和不得不在恐惧中完成整个飞行之后。
The last few days have been very difficult for me, especially since the flight where I was humiliated, abused and had to sit through the entire flight in fear.
最近几天对我来说非常困难，特别是在我被羞辱、歧视和不得不在恐惧中完成整个飞行之后。 。
Thee last few days have been very difficult for me, especially since the flight where I was humiliated, abused and had to sit through the entire flight in fear.
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