乙醇在化学上的性质与水相似，它能以自己独有的方式进入到细菌的细胞质当中，在这里，它会瓦解蛋白质并杀死细胞。

Alcohol is chemically similar to water, so it can work its way into bacterial cytoplasm, where it makes the proteins fall apart, killing the cell.

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在你血液中的白细胞发现细菌就会用化学物质来消灭他们。

White blood cells in your blood find the germs and zap them with chemicals.

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荚膜是细胞壁外围的一个粘性膜层，将某些种类的细菌进一步包围起来，使细胞对于破坏性化学物质具有抵抗力。

A capsule, a slimy layer outside the cell wall, further encloses certain species. The capsule causes the cell to be resistant to destructive chemicals.

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