... Initiation factors - 起始因子，原核中IF，真核 extracellular signal molecule - 细胞外信号分子 initiation coden - 起始密码子 ...
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横跨细胞膜的分子(通常是蛋白质)，接受细胞外信号并传导入细胞内。
A molecule (usually a protein) that spans a cell membrane and "receives" extracellular signals and transmits them into the cell.
质外体在细胞间的通讯及识别上有重要意义，质外体信号分子对植物细胞的生长发育也起着非常重要的作用。
The apoplast is of essential significance in cell communication and identification; the apoplast signal molecules, too, plays an important role in the growth and development of plant cells.
事实证明，作为一种特异的分子伴侣，HSP90除在细胞正常生长和应急保护中具有重要生理功能外，还与信号传导、细胞周期调控、激素应答等细胞内重要生理过程有关。
In fact, as a specific molecular chaperone, HSP90 proteins are possibly involved in many important physiological processes such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and hormone response.
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