在这样的纵向电场作用下，等离子体波的相速接近光速。
The phase velocity of the plasma wave approaches the velocity of light due to the action of the longitudinal electric field.
其设计原则是尽可能地保持电场的纵向分布和四极截止频率保持不变。
The designing principle is that the E-field longitudinal distribution and the local quadrupole cut-off frequency should be kept as constant as possible.
幸运的是，当雷射或带电粒子穿过电浆时，与电浆的作用可创造出纵向的电场。
Fortunately, when a laser or charged particle beam is sent through a plasma, interaction with the plasma can create a longitudinal electric field.
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