自我效能感，动机情绪意志，资源管理策略则起着非常重要的间接作用。
Self-efficacy, motivation-emotion volition and resource management strategies have an important indirect effect .
研究结果表明，管理人员的性别、受教育程度、工作年限以及工作职位等个人属性对其自我效能感均有显著影响；
The results show that manager's gender, education level, service years and job position significantly affect their self-efficacy;
方法采用一般自我效能感量表和自行设计的肾移植受者自我管理问卷，对151例门诊复查的肾移植受者进行调查。
Methods 151 post-operative renal transplant recipients were investigated using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and self-designed self-management questionnaire.
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