事务日志存储为连续的磁盘文件(有时存储在原始分区中)，并且一般只是用于写入而不用于读取，回滚或恢复的情况例外。

The transaction log is stored as a sequential disk file (or sometimes in a raw partition) and will generally only be written to, not read from, except in the case of rollback or recovery.

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崩溃恢复是对日志文件进行处理，确保所有已提交的事务被写到磁盘，所有未提交的事务被回滚。

Crash recovery is the processing of the log files, making sure all committed transactions are written to disk and uncommitted transactions are rolled back.

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它们通常提供了最基本的单用户环境，您可以使用这个环境进行磁盘检查(fsck)、系统安全漏洞检查，或者从备份恢复受损的文件。

These almost always provide a minimal single-user environment that you can use to run disk checks (FSCK), check for system compromises, or restore damaged files from backup.

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