在认识论层次上统一了信息和知识的定义，提出了知识管理概念。
Unifying the definitions of information and knowledge on the layer of epistemology, we put forward the concept of knowledge management.
存在丰富的关于现代投资组合概念和基于风险的方法的文献和知识，软件项目经理可以加以利用以增强他们的管理方法。
There is ample literature and knowledge on modern portfolio concepts and risk-based approaches that software project managers can draw upon to enhance their management methods.
本文假设读者在目录服务概念和管理经验方面具有中级到高级的知识水平。
It is assumed that the reader of this paper has medium to high knowledge level of directory service concepts and management experience.
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