德国科学家赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹在1851年发明的。在此之前，医生只能用放大镜检查眼睛。借助这种新器械，医生可以看清眼球后面视网膜上的血管以及视神经（在眼睛和大脑之间传送信息）。这是人体中唯一不需要切开而能够看到血管和神经的地方。
misc. ophthalmofundoscope ; funduscope
方法：用间接眼底镜及三面镜检查眼底视网膜。
Methods:Indirect ophthalmoscope and three mirror contact lens were used to exam the retina.
应用激光扫描眼底镜录像血管造影测量眼血流指标。
Measurement of ocular blood flow by scanning laser ophthalmoscope video angiography.
视网膜病筛检：眼底镜或视网膜镜检查，扩张瞳孔。
Screening for retinopathy: This is performed when pupils are dilated, either by fundoscopy or retinal photography.
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