引用计数(reference counting)是对一个给定的对象当前有多少指向它的引用保留有一个计数，然后当最后一个引用被释放时自动删除该对象。
Reference counting involves keeping a count of how many references to a given object are extant, then deleting the object automatically after the last one is released.
引用计数对象，可追踪本身的并发引用的对象，同时部署当最终引用被移除的时候自动进行自身析构。
An object which can track concurrent references to itself, and which arranges automatic destruction of itself when the final reference is removed.
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