环境和生物样品中元素形态分析是目前分析化学研究的热点与前沿领域之一，受到人们广泛的关注。
Elemental speciation analysis in environmental and biological samples is an interesting topic in analytical chemistry and arises much more attention to analytical scientists.
流体输导体系与油气成藏研究是目前油气地质学的前沿领域和热点科学问题。
The study on fluid carrier systems and hydrocarbon accumulation is a frontier field and hot science problem in petroleum geology presently.
车辆优化调度问题已经成为运筹学与组合优化领域的前沿与研究热点问题。
So it has been an open problem and the front of Operational Research and Combinatorial Optimization.
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