NKT细胞是一种具有混合功能的细胞：它们既能如自然杀伤细胞般杀死入侵微生物，又能如t细胞般与抗原(能激发免疫反应的外源物质)结合。

NKT cells are hybrids: they kill invading microbes, like natural killer immune cells, but they also bind to antigens - foreign substances that trigger an immune response - like T-cells do.

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Ca2 +可以激发酶系统，从而帮助引发人体免疫反应——科学家们想知道Pb 2 +是否有相同的效果。

Ca2 + stimulates enzymatic systems that help trigger the body's immune defences - the investigators wondered if Pb2 + did the same.

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而在这项研究里，博阿索的团队从病毒周围细胞膜上移除胆固醇，发现这可阻止艾滋病病毒激发先天性免疫反应。

In their study, Boasso's team removed cholesterol from the membrane around the virus and found that this stopped HIV from triggering the innate immune response.

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Its molecules are pieces of molecules often derived from foreign pathogens which stimulate an immune response.

它通常是从激发免疫反应的,外源病原体中分离出的碎片

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So, antigens are molecules or pieces of molecules that stimulate an immune response.

所以 抗原是可以激发免疫反应的,分子或分子碎片

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选