在缺陷的认定方面，美国等国家采取“消费者期待标准”、“成本效益分析标准”或“两分法”等；

When recognizing defects, countries like U. S. adopt" Consumer's expectation standard1 V cost - benefit analysis standard"or "bi - dividing method"etc.

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一般消费者期待比照标准对于处理许多生产瑕疵案是很适用的，因为随机缺陷往往能够通过比照一般期待所反映的尺度而得以衡定。

The standard of ordinary consumer expectations works well for many production defects, since the random departure can often be measured against the norm as representative of ordinary expectations.

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