编码作为现代信息学的重要基础，在测绘仪器领域有着越来越广泛的应用。本文对其在电子水准仪、电子经纬仪和GPS上的应用进行了较为深入的探讨。
Coding, an important basis of modern information science, is broadly applied to surveying instruments. This paper deeply discusses its applications in electronic level, electronic transit and GPS.
《测量学》是测绘科学、地理信息科学和土木建筑类专业的一门专业基础课，在课程体系中具有重要地位。
As a basic subject from science of geodesy and geomatics, science of geographical information, architecture, and so on, the Surveying science plays an important role.
概述了大地测量学作为测绘基准提供地理信息系统的基础框架作用。
The role of geodesy, as the datum of surveying and mapping, for providing the fundamental frame of GIS is briefly discussed.
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