流感杆菌脑膜炎绝大部分(95%)由组流感杆菌引起,80%~90%病例发生在3个月~3岁,高峰易感年龄是7~12个月,占70%。5岁以后由于体内抗体增高,很少发病。发病率随着年龄增长而减少,主要乃人体体液压免疫逐渐增强之故。本病全年均可发生,但以秋冬季节最多,11月~1月份较其他月份发病率高。2/3病例在发病前有上呼吸道感染,1/3病人继发于支气管肺炎。
通过乳胶试验,在12个标本中,5例已检出脑膜炎奈瑟菌W135阳性,2例乙型流感嗜血杆菌阳性,1例链球菌性肺炎阳性,以及4例阴性。
Out of 12 specimens tested by latex, 5 cases were positive for Neisseria meningitidis W135 by latex, 2 for Hemophilus influenza B, 1 for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 4 were negative.
含有硫柳汞的疫苗包括预防白喉、破伤风和百日咳(DTP)、乙型肝炎、B型流感嗜血杆菌、狂犬病、流感和脑膜炎球菌病的疫苗。
Vaccines that contain thiomersal include those against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP), hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), rabies, influenza and meningococcal diseases.
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