这些载体具有不同的特征，包括质粒、粘粒和酵母人工染色体。
These vectors can have different features (such as the size of DNA-insert they can accommodate) and include plasmids, cosmids, and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs).
有两个着丝粒的结构异常的染色体。
Dicentric — a structurally abnormal chromosome with two centromeres.
染色体的主缢痕，使姐妹染色单体连在一起，在其两侧各有一个由蛋白构成的动粒。
Centromere --- The primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together and at which the kinetochore is formed.
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